Cell Replacement

Cytronic cell replacement is the (currently theoretical) engineering discipline concerned with the design, fabrication, and operation of artificial programmable cells and tissues. Rather than relying on traditional nucleic and proteic machinery, cytotronic systems are composed of synthetic devices engineered to mimic or surpass the functional characteristics of their biological counterparts.

The field sits at the intersection of nanotechnology, synthetic biology, and biomedical engineering, and constitutes a core subdiscipline of the broader nanomechanical systems space.

Levels of Organisation

1. Cytronic Cell: The base unit. An individual artificial programmable cell engineered to perform a specific biological function.

2. Cytronic Tissue: An organised aggregate of cytotronic cells constituting a functional tissue unit.

3. Cytronic Organ: A structured assembly of cytotronic tissues constituting a complete artificial organ.

Characterised Cytronic Cell Replacement Devices

• Respirocytes[1][2]

• Clottocytes[3]

• Microbivores[4][5][6]

• Neurocytes (add reference)

• Insulocytes (add reference)

References

1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4922842/
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirocyte
3. https://www.thekurzweillibrary.com/clottocytes-artificial-mechanical-platelets
4. https://www.thekurzweillibrary.com/microbivores-artificial-mechanical-phagocytes
5. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275155401_The_Promising_Future_in_Medicine_Nanorobots
6. https://www.rfreitas.com/Nano/Microbivores.htm